• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    A multilayer structure for producing a flooring or heating wall or the like, said multilayer structure comprises a decorative layer consisting of at least one plastic surface layer, said decorative layer being bonded to a heating layer, said heating layer being bonded to a sub-layer intended to be placed on the ground or a wall or the like, the heating layer is constituted by at least two conductive strips arranged side by side and spaced apart from one another, said conductive strips comprise conductive particles homogeneously distributed over the surface and / or the thickness of said conductive strips, each conductive strip supports two conductive electrodes spaced apart from each other so as to define a discontinuous heating surface.
    公开号:FR3048151A1
    申请号:FR1651350
    申请日:2016-02-19
    公开日:2017-08-25
    发明作者:Alain Rivat；Olivier Ceysson
    申请人:Gerflor SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Multilayer structure for the realization of a floor covering or floor covering
    HEATED WALL
    Technical area
    The present invention relates to a heating multilayer structure, particularly for producing a flooring or heating wall. The multilayer structure according to the invention may be in the form of a wound strip or in the form of a panel, a slab, a blade, or the like. The invention finds an advantageous application in the production of a floor covering or heating wall, that is to say incorporating elements for heating the room or the room in which it is installed, from electrical energy. In a more general manner, the invention finds an advantageous application in the production of a flexible multilayer structure, heterogeneous and presented in roll, for heating a room or a building by joule effect.
    Previous art
    It is known from the state of the art a multilayer structure for producing a floor covering. This multilayer structure generally comprises a top layer of decoration and surface whose main functions are the resistance to wear, the ease of cleaning and the decorative appearance, linked to a backing undercoat. intended to be glued on the floor or the like.
    These multilayer structures are commonly placed on a concrete slab, a screed or a patch in which the heating functions are embedded. This is particularly the case of underfloor heating systems circulating water. The disadvantage of these systems integrated in the ground is that they are difficult to repair because inaccessible by definition and they are heavy to pose in the case of renovations of housing or existing premises.
    Multilayer structures for the production of floor coverings can also be used in combination with an attached heating underlayer, incorporating a heating function from conductive electrodes or by circulating water. During the implementation, the heating underlayer is thus placed on the support, such as a screed or patching. The floor covering is then deposited on the heating sub-layer in free laying, or in laying glued by means of an acrylic glue, or in adhesive-coated laying. The disadvantage of these heated underlays reported is to multiply the laying operations for the same surface. These operations are all the more complex as they require cuts and adjustments for both the underlayment and for the floor covering. On the other hand, depending on the number and thickness of the layers that the flooring comprises, the efficiency of the heating function can be greatly reduced. The layers of the flooring can thus have a barrier effect and limit the heat transfer from the heating underlayer to the room to be heated.
    Another disadvantage of these reported heating sublayers is that they integrate for the most part an array of resistive electrodes or water circulation channels distributed unequally over the surface to be heated, thus resulting in a non-homogeneous distribution of the dissipation of heat in the room. In addition, these have significant thicknesses, especially greater than 1 mm, making their integration impossible among the layers of a multilayer structure for producing a floor covering retaining adequate flexibility properties.
    It is also known multilayer structures for producing heated floor comprising a heating layer interposed between the surface layer and the underlayer of said multilayer structures, said heating layer being made from an array of electrodes. These multilayer structures, however, have the same problems of inhomogeneous distribution of the heating of the room, the electrode array to be highly branched to heat the entire surface. The electrode array thus generally comprises a conductor making many laces under the surface to be heated. Therefore, the design of these multilayer structures makes it difficult or impossible to drill the heating layer without the risk of cutting an electrode and thus dissociate a portion of the electrode array of the power supply. Drilling operations may in particular be necessary before installation to circumvent an obstacle on the support such as a pipe, or after laying to allow the passage of a sheath or a cable through the flooring. These multilayer structures thus complicate the cutting and piercing of the coating during or after the laying operation. In addition, the realization of the electrode array is complex and expensive in conductive material, the latter being mainly made of copper or aluminum.
    One of the aims of the invention is therefore to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a multilayer structure resistant to traffic and punching for the production of a flooring or wall or similar heating, and of which the laying, the repair and the renovation are easy, which retains adequate flexibility properties to facilitate its presentation for example in roll and laying, which has a good heating efficiency and whose heating is distributed homogeneously on said coating, which is inexpensive to implement, and whose drilling and cutting are facilitated.
    Another object of the invention is to provide such a multilayer structure which has mechanical properties to maintain a laying operation comparable to conventional operations of laying rolled tape, panel, slab, blade, or the like. This in particular to use the multilayer structure for renovation of housing or premises, without implementing heavy operations or generate gravels. To this end, it is proposed a multilayer structure for producing a flooring or heating wall or the like, in accordance with that of the state of the art in that it comprises a top layer of decor consisting of at least one plastic surface layer, said decorative layer being bonded to a heating layer, said heating layer being bonded to a lower underlayer to be placed on the floor or a wall or the like.
    According to the invention, the heating layer consists of at least two conductive strips arranged side by side and spaced apart from one another, said conductive strips comprising conductive particles distributed homogeneously over the surface and / or in the thickness of said conductive strips, each conductive strip supporting two conductive electrodes spaced from each other so as to define a discontinuous heating surface.
    In this way, the multilayer structure thus obtained allows in particular a homogeneous distribution of heating when the two conductive strips of said heating layer are traversed by an electric current. By applying an electrical voltage between the two conductive electrodes supported by each conductive strip, the resistance of each conductive strip produces Joule heat generation distributed over the entire heating surface between the electrodes. The heat is then transmitted to the different layers of the multilayer support, in particular the decorative layer, and then to the room in which the structure is arranged, thus allowing the room to be heated. These conductive strips comprising conductive particles homogeneously distributed on the surface and / or in the thickness of said conductive strips, they may be partially cut or perforated without the risk of electrically insulating a portion of the conductive strip relative to another. The heating surface obtained is considered discontinuous insofar as each conductive strip is independent and has its own pair of electrodes. A conductive strip can thus be traversed by an electric current without the other band being operative.
    The heating layer of the multilayer structure according to the invention comprises at least two conductive strips arranged side by side and spaced apart from each other. This makes it possible in particular to obtain a multilayer heating structure that can be installed in congested rooms or with obstacles requiring cutting operations. Indeed, depending on the location of an obstacle in the room, it may be necessary to cut a portion of the multilayer structure. By performing this cutting, a portion of the heating layer can be made unusable, for example due to the cutting of one of the conductive electrodes supported by one of the two conductive strips. However, because of the presence of a second conductive strip, it is always possible to heat the room in which the multilayer structure is placed by feeding the conductive electrodes supported by the second conductive strip. In addition, depending on the resistivity of the conductive strip, it may be difficult to obtain distances between two electrodes supported by the same conductive strip greater than 1 meter, or even greater than 50 cm, while retaining voltage values. supply not endangering the occupants of the room in which the multilayer structure according to the invention is disposed. The voltage value necessary to obtain a conventional heating power, of the order of a hundred Watts per square meter of surface of said strip, being directly proportional to the distance between two electrodes supported by the same conductive strip. As a result, the use of at least two conductive strips arranged side by side and spaced apart from one another also makes it possible to obtain multilayer coatings of conventional width, for example of a width greater than 1 meter, advantageously between 1 meter and 5 meters, and does not change the duration of the operation of laying flooring or wall.
    The two conductive strips according to the invention comprise conductive particles distributed homogeneously over the surface and / or in the thickness of said conductive strips. A conductive strip may in particular be made of a non-woven fabric and / or a plastic material, comprising conductive particles homogeneously distributed on the surface and / or in the thickness of the strip. For example, a conductive strip may be made of a nonwoven fabric impregnated, coated or powdered with conductive particles. A conductive strip may for example be made of a plastic material, in particular from PVC, acrylic or polyolefin, comprising conductive particles, such as particles of carbon black, in an amount sufficient for the strip thus obtained to be conductive.
    By conductor is preferably meant a resistivity value measured from one edge to another in the transverse direction of a conductive strip or, between two electrodes supported by the same conductive strip, less than 100 ohm / m, preferably less than 10 ohm / m, more preferably less than 5 ohm / m, even more preferably between lohm / m and 5 ohm / m. Such resistivity values make it possible to obtain heating powers of the order of a few hundred watts per square meter of coating, and this for electrode supply voltages that do not endanger the occupants of the premises where the structures multilayers according to the invention are installed. Recommended supply voltages are particularly voltages of the field of the very low voltage, that is lower than 110 Volts in direct current. Preferably, the supply voltages of the electrodes are less than 60 volts in direct current or even less than 36 volts in direct current. Sources of ac voltages may also be used.
    Advantageously, the electrodes are arranged along the longitudinal edges of the conductive strips. This allows in particular to optimize the heating surface so that it extends over almost the entire surface of the multilayer structure thus formed. The heating surface thus produced extends in the longitudinal direction and between the electrodes supported by each conductive strip.
    Advantageously, the multilayer structure according to the invention is in the form of a strip, the conductive strips extending along said strip. This type of structure can thus be manufactured by a continuous process, the conductive strips being for example unwound and then continuously bonded to the decorative layer and the underlayer as they progress in said process continuously. The direction of advancement of the process corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the band thus formed. The invention thus makes it possible to obtain a multilayer structure that can be manufactured and then transported in the form of a roll.
    Alternatively, the multilayer structure according to the invention is in the form of a strip, the two conductive strips extending transversely to said strip.
    The conductive particles that comprise the conductive strips may be carbon black particles, conductive ink drops such as silver or carbon inks, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers or the like.
    A conductive strip made of a nonwoven fabric can be made from glass fibers, but also based on synthetic polymers, such as polyester, polyamide or polypropylene fibers. By way of example, it is possible to impregnate, coat or powder the nonwoven fabric with conductive particles such as carbon particles or the like. In particular, a conductive strip may be made of a non-woven fabric impregnated with carbon fibers, silver ink or carbon ink. The advantage of a conductive strip made in an impregnated nonwoven fabric is to be particularly homogeneously conductive throughout the thickness of the strip, the conductive particles themselves being homogeneously distributed during the manufacture of said strip. conductive.
    A conductive strip made of a non-woven fabric may also be partially cut or perforated without the risk of electrically insulating a portion of the conductive strip relative to another. This can also be easily handled in conventional continuous processes for the manufacture of multilayer structures for the production of floor or wall coverings, especially in the form of rolls.
    According to the invention, nonwoven fabrics which can be used advantageously have a grammage of between 25 g / m 2 and 80 g / m 2, advantageously between 25 g / m 2 and 40 g / m 2. Such a grammage makes it possible in particular to obtain nonwoven fabrics that can be placed between layers of a multilayer structure and that retain good bonding properties with a decorative layer and underlayer made of thermoplastic material. A conductive strip made of a nonwoven fabric can thus easily be heat-complexed or bonded with an undercoat and a decorative layer made of plastic material in a conventional flooring manufacturing process. The impregnation by hot complexing of the decorative layers, the underlayer, and any glues is sufficiently deep in the thickness of the conductive strips made in a non-woven fabric so that they do not entail any risk. delamination.
    Advantageously, each conductive strip made of a nonwoven fabric may be used as a coating medium in a method of manufacturing the multilayer structure according to the invention. For this purpose, two conductive strips made of a non-woven fabric are arranged side by side and spaced apart from each other and then complexed so as to be arranged in contact with the same reinforcing reinforcement, such as a glass veil. and / or a glass grid, in order to obtain a reinforced coating medium resistant to great tensile stresses. In this way, a PVC or acrylic or polyolefin plastisol may be coated on the obtained reinforced coating medium, and then gelled in order to obtain the decorative layer or underlayer of the multilayer structure according to the invention.
    The decorative and undercoat layers are for example conventionally obtained by coating, pressing, extrusion or calendering and from plastics such as PVC, acrylics, polyurethanes, polyolefins, and mixtures thereof, allowing get a smooth and flat surface.
    The two electrodes supported by the same conductive strip are spaced from each other in order to avoid their contact and can be supported by the same face, facing the decor layer or opposite the underlayer of said band or supported by two opposite faces of said band.
    Advantageously, the electrodes are conducting ribbons, made for example of copper or aluminum. This makes it possible in particular to obtain electrodes of very small thickness, namely less than 100 pm, thus limiting the well-known effect of telegraphing on the decorative layer. The effect of "telegraphing" corresponds to the appearance of defects on the decorative layer of a floor covering in particular, due to the presence of irregularities of the support disposed under the coating, such as clusters of glues or small asperities. This effect can also be observed when the structure of the coating comprises a reinforcing grid. This effect is not necessarily visible during manufacture but may appear after installation, or even after several months of use.
    The electrodes may in particular be made in a sheet of copper or aluminum by cutting ribbons with a width of less than 5 cm, advantageously between 0.5 cm and 3.5 cm. Said ribbons are then glued on each conductive strip with a conductive adhesive.
    Advantageously, the heating layer comprises a dielectric layer bonded to the decorative layer and / or a dielectric layer bonded to the underlayer. A dielectric layer may be bonded, for example by heat-sealing, on the upper face of the heating layer, that is to say the face facing the decorative layer or on the underside of the heating layer, it is ie the face opposite the under layer. For example, it is possible to heat-bond a film obtained from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on the upper and lower faces of the heating layer to obtain a sufficiently strong set to be handled by conventional online production processes, in particular methods of laminating multilayer structures of thermoplastic materials such as PVC. A dielectric layer can also be obtained from polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or any other non-conductive polymer.
    Conventionally, the heating layer can be bonded by bonding, heat sealing, hot bonding (well known by the acronym "hotmelt"), cold bonding, the undercoat and the decorative layer. The invention also makes it possible not to modify the conventional poses techniques, the mechanical behavior during the laying of the multilayer structure with or without the heating layer being comparable. The advantage of the invention is also to provide a multilayer structure of low thickness, namely less than 3 mm and lower cost than conventional techniques for providing a heating function to a room, particularly by the floor or the walls. walls. The invention can also be used for outdoor floor deicing applications. Other applications are also conceivable. In particular, in the case where the decorative layer comprises thermochromic pigments, it is possible to produce signal multilayer structures. Indeed, the heating of the multilayer structure by the heating layer allows the thermochromic pigments to change color and thus display a message or a logo in a particularly homogeneous manner. The invention also makes it possible to bring a heating solution into a room, without undertaking any major work. In the case where the multilayer structure is in the form of a roller, the laying consists of unrolling the roller on a clean support and connecting the electrodes to a DC or AC power source. The invention also makes it possible to easily adapt the heating multilayer structure to the constraints of the room, such as the presence of ducts, evacuations or points of attachment and requiring the cutting of the floor or wall covering.
    In this way, it is possible to renovate more quickly and with a very short immobilization of the premises while providing heating functions and protection of floors and / or walls. This configuration can greatly reduce the cost of renovation.
    Advantageously, the underlayer of the multilayer structure is a foam, for example obtained from a mixture of expanded polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer and filler. The presence of air trapped in the foam makes it possible in particular to improve the thermal insulation and to promote the transmission of heat from the heating layer to the decor layer, and therefore to the room.
    Alternatively, the underlayer is a compact underlayer, namely not comprising a bubble, for example obtained from polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer and filler. A compact underlayer allows the multilayer structure obtained to have a better resistance to punching.
    Preferably, and to increase the mechanical performance and the resistance to punching and rolling and to allow dimensional stability of the floor covering over time, the decorative layer and / or the underlayer comprise a textile reinforcing reinforcement, such as than a grid or a veil of glass. The invention also relates to a method of continuous manufacture of the multilayer structure according to the invention comprising the following steps: - Obtaining, for example by impregnation of conductive particles, two conductive strips made of a nonwoven fabric - Bonding by bonding using a conductive adhesive, two electrodes spaced apart from one another along the longitudinal edges of each conductive strip - complex side by side and spaced from each other the two conductive strips as obtained at the preceding step is arranged in contact on a reinforcing reinforcement such as a glass web and / or a glass grid to obtain a reinforced coating medium - Coat on the coating support obtained in step previous, a Plastisol in order to obtain a layer of decoration or an undercoat - Thermocollate, coat, paste, or squeeze the structure obtained in the previous step a layer of decoration or, where appropriate, an underlay made of a plastic material
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description, given by way of non-limiting example, of the multilayer structure according to the invention for producing a flooring or heating wall, from the attached drawings in which: Figure 1 illustrates schematically and in cross section the multilayer structure according to the invention; FIG. 2 schematically illustrates, in plan view, an exemplary embodiment according to the invention; Figure 3 shows a multilayer structure according to the invention placed in a crowded room; FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the multilayer structure according to the invention.
    Detailed Description of the Invention
    Referring to Figure 1, the invention relates to a multilayer structure (1) for producing a flooring or wall or the like heating, that is to say, for heating the room in which the structure according to the invention is installed.
    The multilayer structure (1) may be in the form of panel, slab, strip or roll. The multilayer structure (1) according to the invention is intended for the realization of flooring or wall glued, semi-free or free laying, with high performance in terms of sealing and resistance to traffic.
    The multilayer structure (1) comprises an upper decorative layer (2) consisting of at least one surface layer (2a) of plastic material, bonded to a heating layer (4), said heating layer (4) being bonded to a lower underlayer (3) to be placed on the floor or a wall or the like. The heating layer consists of at least two conductive strips (4a, 4a '), arranged side by side and spaced from one another, said conductive strips (4a, 4a') comprise homogeneously distributed conductive particles on the surface and / or in the thickness of said conductive strips (4a, 4a '), each conductive strip (4a, 4a') supports two conductive electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a ', 5b') spaced apart from each other other so as to define a discontinuous heating surface.
    The upper decorative layer (2) and the lower sub-layer (3) may have various compositions and structures and varied depending on the application considered. By way of example, the multilayer structure (1) described below is intended to be used for example in hospitals or in the school environment. The multilayer structure (1) has good mechanical performance in terms of resistance to punching and rolling, and incorporates heating functions. For this purpose, the decorative layer (2) comprises a surface layer (2a) made of polyvinyl chloride having a thickness of between 0.2 and 1 mm. This surface layer (2a) can be dyed in the mass and comprise granules decor throughout its thickness. Preferably, and to satisfy, for example, the U4 P3 classification of the French UPEC standard, the surface layer (2a) comprises a density of between 1.4 and 1.6, a residual indentation of less than 0.10 mm, and a resistance to the chair with wheels. at 25000 cycles. The surface layer (2a) may be transparent and associated with a decorative layer (not shown) printed on its reverse side, namely on its face facing the heating layer (4). The printed decorative layer generally comprises a thickness of between 0.07 and 0.5 mm.
    The decorative layer (2) is bonded for example by hot lamination, or via an adhesive layer (not shown) to the heating layer (4). The heating layer (4) consists of two conductive strips (4a, 4a ') arranged side by side and spaced from each other. The conductive strips (4a, 4a ') are for example made of a nonwoven fabric impregnated with conductive particles, namely fiberglass impregnated with carbon fibers, with a grammage of between 25 g / m 2 and 80 g / m 2 preferably between 25 g / m 2 and 40 g / m 2. A conductive strip made of a fiberglass nonwoven textile impregnated with carbon fibers of a weight of 30 g / m 2 has a resistance of between 4 and 5 ohms over a distance of 40 cm.
    Each conductive strip (4a, 4a ') supports two conductive electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a', 5b ') spaced from one another so as to define a discontinuous heating surface. The heating surface thus extends between each pair of electrodes supported by the same conductive strip. Of course, the weight of the nonwoven fabric of the conductive strip and the amount of conductive particles may be adapted to obtain the desired resistivity value depending on the size of the heating surface.
    The conductive electrodes (5a, 5b), (5a ', 5b') are ribbons arranged along the longitudinal edges of the conductive strips (4a, 4b, 4a ', 4b') so that the heating surface s' extends over almost the entire surface of the multilayer structure thus formed. The heating surface thus obtained extends between the electrodes (5a, 5b) and (5a ', 5b'). In the case of a structure (1) made in the form of a strip, the heating surface extends in the longitudinal direction of the strip produced and between the electrodes (5a, 5b) and (5a ', 5b' ).
    Alternatively, the electrodes (5b) and (5a ') are in electrical contact, and are for example obtained from a single conductive ribbon. In this case, the electrical connections of the electrodes (5a) and (5b ') are then modified in order to keep two independently powered conductive strips (4a, 4a'). This configuration makes it possible to define a discontinuous heating surface of simpler construction. The single electrode corresponding to the electrodes (5b) and (5a ') is for example supplied with direct current at a voltage of 24 volts, the electrodes (5a) and (5b') being connected to ground.
    The electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a ', 5b') are for example ribbons made in a 40 micron thick copper strip. The electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a ', 5b') are, for example, bonded to each conductive strip by a conductive adhesive layer 25 μm thick.
    Advantageously, the heating layer (4) comprises a dielectric layer (6) bonded to the decorative layer (2).
    Advantageously, the heating layer (4) comprises a dielectric layer (7) bonded to the underlayer (3).
    Preferably, the heating layer (4) comprises a dielectric layer (6) bonded to the decorative layer (2) and a dielectric layer (7) bonded to the underlayer (3) in order to electrically isolate this layer from the other layers of the multilayer structure according to the invention. The conductive strips (4a, 4a ') and the electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a', 5b ') which they support are thus sandwiched between the two dielectric layers (6, 7). A dielectric layer may in particular be obtained from a film of PVC or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or any other non-conductive polymer and bonded for example by heat-sealing.
    A dielectric layer can also serve as a support for the production of the heating layer. For this purpose, each conductive strip, for example a conductive strip made of a non-woven fabric, is disposed edge-to-edge and spaced from one another and then cold-complexed with a dielectric layer (7) serving as a support. The electrodes are subsequently spaced apart from each other and then glued on each conductive strip. Advantageously, a second dielectric layer (6) is complexed on each conductive strip so as to take the two conductive strips, and the electrodes that they support, sandwiched between the dielectric layers (6) and (7) and to obtain a set can be directly complexed with a decorative layer and an undercoat.
    Advantageously, the heating layer (4) may comprise a reinforcing reinforcement (8) bonded to the decorative layer (2) and / or bonded to the underlayer (3) arranged in contact with the conductive strips (4a, 4a). '). A reinforcing reinforcement (8) in particular increases the mechanical performance and resistance to punching and rolling of the floor or wall covering. The reinforcing reinforcement also ensures dimensional stability of the coating over time.
    In the case where each conductive strip (4a, 4a ') is made of a nonwoven fabric, said conductive strips can be used as a coating medium in a method of manufacturing the multilayer structure according to the invention. For this purpose, each conductive strip made of a nonwoven fabric (4a, 4a ') is disposed edge-to-edge and spaced apart from each other and then complexed so as to be arranged in contact with the same reinforcing reinforcement (8 ), such as a glass web and / or a glass grid. This makes it possible to obtain a reinforced coating medium. The width of the reinforcing reinforcement (8) is advantageously greater than the sum of the widths of the conductive strips arranged edge to edge in order to complex the conductive strips over their entire width on the reinforcing reinforcement. The electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a ', 5b') are spaced from each other and then glued on each conductive strip (4a, 4a '). Alternatively, the electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a ', 5b') are spaced apart from one another and then complexed on the reinforcing reinforcement (8), then each conductive strip (4a, 4a ') is placed on the edge at edge and spaced apart from each other and then complexed on the electrodes and the reinforcing armature (8).
    In this way, a PVC or acrylic plastisol or a polyolefin may be coated on the reinforced coating support obtained and then gelled in order to obtain the decorative layer or the underlayer of the multilayer structure according to the invention.
    A glass grid may be in the form of a grid or a grid of textile threads of negligible thickness, preferably spaced from each other by 3 mm, according to the longitudinal and transverse dimensions, and comprise a mass linear range of between 20 g / m and 70 g / m, advantageously between 35 g / m and 50 g / m.
    As regards the lower underlayer (3), it comprises a balancing layer (3a) made of plastic, such as polyvinyl chloride, preferably comprising a thickness of 2 mm. Preferably, and to satisfy, for example, the U4 P3 classification of the French UPEC standard, the balancing layer (3a) has a Shore A hardness of between 80 and 95. This balancing layer (3a) can also be made of foam. PVC or polyurethane to impart acoustic and / or thermal insulation properties to the floor or wall covering. In the case where this balancing layer (3a) is foam, its density is between 0.2 and 0.9.
    This balancing layer (3a) is then bonded, for example by hot pressing, to the heating layer (4).
    A reinforcing textile reinforcement (not shown) may also be embedded in the underlayer (3) and / or the decorative layer (2). This reinforcing reinforcement is for example in the form of a grid or a grid of textile threads of negligible thickness, or a glass veil. The textile threads of said reinforcing reinforcement are preferably spaced from each other by 3 mm, according to the longitudinal and transverse dimensions, and comprise a linear density of between 20 g / m and 70 g / m, advantageously between 35 g / m and 50 g / m. A reinforcing reinforcement makes it possible to increase the mechanical performances and the resistance to punching and rolling of the floor or wall covering. The reinforcing reinforcement also ensures dimensional stability of the coating over time. The arrangement of the decorative layer (2) and the sub-layer (3) are given as non-limiting examples. It is obvious that depending on the application considered, layers may be added to or subtracted from the multilayer structure (1) described.
    With reference to FIG. 2, the invention also relates to a multilayer structure (1) made in the form of a strip, for producing a flooring or heating wall or the like, comprising a decorative layer (not shown), a heating layer and a lower sub-layer (3) whose heating layer (4) comprises three conductive strips (4a, 4a ', 4a ") made of a non-woven fabric comprising conductive particles distributed homogeneously over the surface and / or in the thickness of said conductive strips (4a, 4a ', 4a "). The conductive strips (4a, 4a ', 4a ") are arranged side by side and spaced from each other. The multilayer structure (1) is in the form of a strip and the conductive strips (4a, 4a ', 4a ") extend along said strip. Each of the conductive strips (4a, 4a ', 4a ") supports two conductive electrodes, respectively (5a, 5b), (5a', 5b ') and (5a", 5b ") spaced apart from one another to define a discontinuous heating surface. The heating surface thus extends over almost the entire surface of the multilayer structure (1) thus formed, in the longitudinal and transverse direction.
    In this way, it is possible to obtain a multilayer structure of large width, preferably greater than 1.20 m, while limiting the heating losses due to too great a distance between the electrodes supported by the same conductive strip. Indeed it is undesirable to have a distance between two conductive electrodes of the same conductive strip greater than 50 cm, the current required for heating said conductive strip being directly proportional to this spacing and quickly reaching dangerous electrical powers in inhabited premises.
    Still according to FIG. 2, for example, a multilayer structure (1) according to the invention is produced in the form of a strip having a width of approximately 1.20 m comprising three conducting strips (4a, 4a ', 4a " ) made of a non-woven fabric of a weight of 30 g / m2 fiberglass impregnated with carbon fibers, each band measuring 40 cm in width. The strips are arranged side by side and spaced from each other to obtain a heating surface of a width of about 1.20 m. Each conductive strip supports two copper strips 1 cm wide and 45 μm thick, spaced from each other and bonded with a 25 μm layer of conductive adhesive on the conductive strip. A few millimeters are left between the conductive electrodes (5b, 5a ') and (5b', 5a ") to limit the risk of short circuit.
    In order to heat a room in which the multilayer structure (1) according to the invention is arranged, each pair of electrodes is connected to a direct or alternating current source (20) via two connectors (21a, 21b). ). The connection between the connectors and the electrodes can be achieved by any means capable of establishing and maintaining an electrical contact. By way of example, a connector may in particular pass through the thickness of the multilayer structure facing an electrode and be held by clipping, screwing or the like. Advantageously, a portion of the multilayer structure is disposed along a technical sheath or skirting so as to hide the connectors in the technical sheath or skirting board and protect them.
    In order to obtain a regulated heating system, the direct current source (20) can be controlled by a control system (30) connected to a temperature sensor (40) arranged in the room to be heated or connected to the decor layer or the underlayer of the multilayer structure (1).
    For a conductive strip made of a nonwoven fabric with a basis weight of 30 g / m 2 of fiberglass impregnated with carbon fibers having a width of 40 cm and a length of 300 cm, the measured resistance is between 4 and 5 ohm between two electrodes supported by the same conductive strip. Thus, with a direct current source of 24 volts, a heating power of 109 W is obtained on the surface between two electrodes of the same conductive strip over a width of 40 cm and a length of 300 cm. With a 36V source, a heating power of 236W is obtained.
    Referring to Figure 3, the multilayer heating structure (1) is presented schematically in congested premises having obstacles (50, 51) requiring cutting operations. In the example presented, it is necessary to cut a portion of the multilayer structure to bypass obstacles (50, 51). By performing this cutting, a portion of the heating layer is rendered unusable, for example because of the cutting of the electrode 5b ". However, it is still possible to heat the room in which the multilayer structure is placed by feeding the conductive electrodes (5a ', 5b') supported by the conductive strip (4a '). The other conductive strips (4a, 4a ") may also be powered by their own electrodes in order to heat the surfaces facing each of these conductive strips (4a, 4a"), however the heating surface obtained is reduced.
    With reference to FIG. 4, the invention also relates to a multilayer structure (1) made in the form of a strip, for producing a flooring or heating wall or the like, comprising a decorative layer (not shown), a heating layer and a lower underlayer (3) whose heating layer comprises three conductive strips (4a, 4a ', 4a ") comprising conductive particles distributed homogeneously over the surface and / or in the thickness said conductive strips (4a, 4a ', 4a "). The conductive strips (4a, 4a ', 4a ") are arranged side by side and spaced from each other. The multilayer structure (1) is in the form of a strip and the conductive strips (4a, 4a ', 4a ") extend transversely to said strip. Each of the conductive strips (4a, 4a ', 4a ") supports two conductive electrodes, respectively (5a, 5b), (5a', 5b ') and (5a", 5b ") spaced apart from one another to define a discontinuous heating surface.
    It follows from the foregoing that the invention provides a multilayer structure (1) for producing a flooring or heating wall or the like, in glued, semi-free or free laying, to achieve levels High classification in terms of traffic resistance and watertightness, while guaranteeing a rapid renovation, without nuisance, and inexpensive of a room and which incorporates efficient heating functions.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1 - multilayer structure (1) for producing a flooring or heating wall or the like, said multilayer structure (1) comprises a decorative layer (2) consisting of at least one surface layer (2a) in plastic material, said decorative layer (2) being bonded to a heating layer (4), said heating layer being bonded to an underlayer (3) intended to be placed on the floor or a wall or the like, characterized in that the heating layer (4) consists of at least two conductive strips (4a, 4a ') arranged side by side and spaced from one another, said conductive strips (4a, 4a') comprising distributed conductive particles of homogeneously on the surface and / or in the thickness of said conductive strips (4a, 4a '), each conductive strip (4a, 4a') supports two conductive electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a ', 5b') spaced one on the other so as to define a heating surface of iscontinue.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2 - multilayer structure (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a ', 5b') are arranged along the longitudinal edges of the conductive strips (4a, 4b, 4a ', 4b') .
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3 - multilayer structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multilayer structure (1) is formed in the form of a strip conductive strips (4a, 4a ') extending along said bandaged.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4 - multilayer structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the multilayer structure (1) is formed in the form of a strip, the conductive strips (4a, 4a ') extending transversely to said band.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5 - Multilayer structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a ', 5b') are conductive ribbons.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6 - Multilayer structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the electrodes (5a, 5b, 5a ', 5b') is less than 100pm.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7 - Multilayer structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating layer (4) comprises a dielectric layer (6) bonded to the decorative layer (2) and a dielectric layer (7) bonded to the underlayer (3).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8 - multilayer structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conductive strips (4a, 4a ') are made of a plastic material.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9 - multilayer structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the conductive strips (4a, 4a ') are made of a nonwoven fabric.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10- multilayer structure (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the nonwoven fabric has a basis weight between 25 g / m2 and 80 g / m2.
    [0011]
    11 multilayer structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the conductive particles that comprise the conductive strips (4a, 4a ') are carbon fibers.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12-multilayer structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating layer (4) comprises a reinforcing armature (8) arranged in contact with the conductive strips (4a, 4a ').
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3048151B1|2018-02-23|
    US20170245326A1|2017-08-24|
    EP3209092A1|2017-08-23|
    引用文献:
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    US9668301B2|2015-07-03|2017-05-30|Ndt Engineering & Aerospace Co., Ltd.|Wet-use plane heater using PTC constant heater-ink polymer|KR102101056B1|2016-06-16|2020-04-14|주식회사 엘지화학|Heating element and method for fabricating the same|
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    EP3557144A1|2018-04-20|2019-10-23|Future Carbon GmbH|Multi-layered composite system with a heatable layer and kit which is used to produce the multi-layered composite system|
    FR3082859B1|2018-06-26|2020-11-27|Gerflor|ACOUSTIC PANEL FOR THE REALIZATION OF A FLOORING|
    US10899427B2|2018-07-03|2021-01-26|Goodrich Corporation|Heated floor panel with impact layer|
    US10875623B2|2018-07-03|2020-12-29|Goodrich Corporation|High temperature thermoplastic pre-impregnated structure for aircraft heated floor panel|
    FR3086494A1|2018-09-24|2020-03-27|Smart Packaging Solutions|MODULAR AND UNIVERSAL ELECTRIC STRIP SYSTEM|
    CN110748084A|2019-10-21|2020-02-04|浙江来斯奥电气有限公司|Novel integrated wallboard structure generates heat|
    CN110933787A|2019-12-11|2020-03-27|光之科技有限公司|Heating assembly and preparation method thereof|
    FR3105888A1|2019-12-31|2021-07-02|Smart Packaging Solutions|Multifunctional management system for electrical strips and electrical devices|
    FR3105887A1|2019-12-31|2021-07-02|Smart Packaging Solutions|Multifunctional management system for electrical strips and electrical devices|
    DE202020102878U1|2020-05-20|2021-08-25|Bernhard Wißmann|Heating plate|
    法律状态:
    2017-02-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-08-25| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170825 |
    2018-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1651350|2016-02-19|
    FR1651350A|FR3048151B1|2016-02-19|2016-02-19|MULTILAYER STRUCTURE FOR REALIZING A FLOORING OF A FLOOR OR A HEATING WALL|FR1651350A| FR3048151B1|2016-02-19|2016-02-19|MULTILAYER STRUCTURE FOR REALIZING A FLOORING OF A FLOOR OR A HEATING WALL|
    EP17156550.0A| EP3209092A1|2016-02-19|2017-02-16|Multilayer structure for forming a heating floor or wall coating|
    US15/435,897| US20170245326A1|2016-02-19|2017-02-17|Multilayer Structure for the Production of a Heating Floor or Wall Covering|
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